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REPRESENTATION SUMMARY
What is representation?:
Representation is how you describe/show people, places and events. We can see representation in many products and places such as advertisements, newspapers, social media and so on. The negatives about representation is that more than not, representation enforces and reinforces stereotypes. Generally in representation, we look for the key features of class, age, gender, ethnicity and disability.
What is a stereotype and how can representation cause that?:
Stereotypes are descriptions of groups of people which are often very inaccurate and derogatory due to the over exaggeration of certain features on. Theorist Barthes, the theorist of semiotics discovered that stereotypes are generally myths used to reinforce dominant groups in society.
What is hyperreality?:
Hyperreality is the theory that someone can be so indulged into the portrait of reality on other sources such as media that they interpret this into real day-to-day life and associate these images as the true projection of life when it is not.
Key Terms and my understanding around them:
Stereotype - When someone judges or bases impressions of someone due to their representation on media and characterize them into a similar group of others. An example of this would be that "women can't drive".
Archetype - An archetype is when someone looks like a manor that you would expect, an example would be a teenager acting "moody" and "tired".
Ideology - General ideas that can be classed as economic or political in category.
Liesbet van Zoonen
Women's bodies are portrayed as something to possess and utilise in a society that is dominated by men. On the other hand, many view men's body as inspirational and something to admire. In summary, she implies that women are viewed as men's accessories.
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INDUSTRY SUMMARY
What is Media Industry?:
Industry is the term used for a company or place that makes something. In this term, media industry relates to companies or places which create media, i.e. photos, videos, films etc! Some examples of this include NewsCorp and Disney!
What is NewsCorp?:
The Sun, The Times, Vogue, Fox, Sky, and many more are all owned by News Corp, which is run by Rupert Murdoch
Why do industries show different angles, such as a close up?:
One reason to show a close up is to highlight facial expressions. In media, women are 4 times more likely to be involved in a close up, than males. This could be why there are stereotypes of women being more emotional.
Key Terms and my understanding around them:
Conglomerate - Business corporation formed by the purchases of other business.
Global conglomerate - Business corporation with purchased businesses in more than one country, i.e. Disney or Marvel.
CEO - chief executive officer
David Hesmondhalgh
"Industries rely on repetition through use of stars, genres, franchises, repeatable narratives and so on to sell formats to audiences, then industries and governments try to impose scarcity, especially through copyright laws"
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LANGUAGE SUMMARY
What is Media Industry?:
Industry is the term used for a company or place that makes something. In this term, media industry relates to companies or places which create media, i.e. photos, videos, films etc! Some examples of this include NewsCorp and Disney!
What is NewsCorp?:
The Sun, The Times, Vogue, Fox, Sky, and many more are all owned by News Corp, which is run by Rupert Murdoch
When analysing language used in the media, consider the following:
Which modes? The expression medium, such as a moving picture or written words, is called the mode.
Which implements? Every mode makes use of tools, such as fonts, colours, and camera angles.
What does that mean? What message do these effects communicate in terms of media?
Key Terms and my understanding around them:
Semiotics - the theory of signs.
Denotation - what something is.
Connotation - what something suggests
Mise-en-scene - everything in frame for a clearer understanding
Diegetic - what you can hear directly, a focus
NON-Diegetic - what you can hear in the background
Ronald Barthes
An ideological meaning associated with a sign.
Stuart Hall
Stuart Hall, a reception theorist, contends that the reception theory deals with our reactions as customers. According to him, there are three approaches to analysing any kind of media text. An advertisement illustrating this is;
The hedromonic posture of dominance: We go out and purchase Maltesers.
The agreed upon stance: We could go out and get Maltesers, but we might also end up with skittles.
The opposing interpretation: We reject the advertisement and steer clear of Maltesers.
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AUDIENCE SUMMARY
What is a target audience and how do you categorise them?:
A target audience is the intended audience for a source of media, who you are aiming your message towards. Age-How old are they?, Whats their maturity level?, Whats their spending level? Sex - Gender, Sexuality, Occupation - Financial. Education - Full time education?
How are audiences split up?:
What is hyperreality?:
Hyperreality is the theory that someone can be so indulged into the portrait of reality on other sources such as media that they interpret this into real day-to-day life and associate these images as the true projection of life when it is not.
Key Terms and my understanding around them:
Aspirer - These consumers want high-end products to demonstrate their social standing. They think of themselves as trendy and are content to spend money on upscale items.
Explorer - These customers are more interested in discovery than in prestige. Discovering new locations and products to maximise life's opportunities.
Mainstreamer - Mainstreamers make up 40% of the population and seek security rather than taking risks. They are interested in their value for money and are happy with being a part of a larger group.
Reformer - This individual wants to see the world change. To improve the world, they are far more eager to learn new things and transform themselves. They deliberately show little interest in individuals such as aspirants. These are the consumers that purchase goods sourced ethically and with fair trade practices.
Resigned - These are utterly uninterested in anything new and most likely would be happy to eat the same food and use the same clothes every day. They seek to survive and have come to trust and believe they can invest in safety.
Struggler - Doesn't think ahead, thinks day to day. They are just trying to escape. Whether that be their not very financially stable job, they are just interested in escapism.
Succeeder - They are very much in control. They work hard and believe that they deserve the best for it. They are much more sophisticated and care about value and control.
Albert Bandura
Some people think that the media has a direct effect on people, almost like giving them beliefs.
The media like to compare violent video games to violent real life and blame violent actions on video games. This may have helped some people, but it's a very selective and biased way to look at it because 99.99% of people who play the same video game aren't going out and doing aggressive things.
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